Controlled synthesis of Ag2O/g-C3N4 heterostructures using soft and hard templates for efficient and enhanced visible-light degradation of ciprofloxacin

Pluronic 31R1 surfactant and MCM-41 silica were used to fabricate mesoporous Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄ heterostructures with improved surface areas. The fabricated mesoporous nanocomposite was used to photo oxidize ciprofloxacin. The TEM images of Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄ indicated a uniform dispersion of spherical approximately 4-nm Ag₂O nanoparticles on g-C₃N₄. The mesoporous 0.9% Ag₂O@g-C₃N₄ heterostructure exhibited 100% efficiency in ciprofloxacin oxidation within 60 min when compared with the 25% efficiency in 120 min of pure mesoporous Ag₂O and 10% efficiency in 120 min of pure g-C₃N₄. The highest ciprofloxacin oxidation efficiency achieved was 100%, which was four and ten times better than those of Ag₂O and g-C₃N₄, respectively. This superior performance of the mesoporous Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄ was attributed to the high dispersion of nano-sized mesoporous Ag₂O particles on the g-C₃N₄ surface, narrow bandgap, and significantly high surface areas. The powerful interaction between Ag₂O and g-C₃N₄ ensured robust durability of Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄ heterostructures, which is evident in the fact that five recycling trials of the photocatalyst rendered a minimal loss of efficiency.     

Two Methods,One Goal: Structural Differences between Cocrystallization and Crystal Soaking to Discover Ligand Binding Poses

In lead optimization, protein crystallography is an indispensable tool to analyze drug binding. Binding modes and non-covalent interaction inventories are essential to design follow-up synthesis candidates. Two protocols are commonly applied to produce protein–ligand complexes: cocrystallization and soaking. Because of its time and cost effectiveness, soaking is the more popular method. Taking eight ligand hinge binders of protein kinase A, we demonstrate that cocrystallization is superior. Particularly for flexible proteins, such as kinases, and larger ligands cocrystallization captures more reliable the correct binding pose and induced protein adaptations. The geometrical discrepancies between soaking and cocrystallization appear smaller for fragment-sized ligands. For larger flexible ligands that trigger conformational changes of the protein, soaking can be misleading and underestimates the number of possible polar interactions due to inadequate, highly impaired positions of protein amino-acid side and main chain atoms. Thus, if applicable cocrystallization should be the gold standard to study protein–ligand complexes.     

Strategies To Design Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

This review classifies drug-design strategies successfully implemented in the development of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which have many applications including cancer treatment. Our focus is on especially demanded selective HDAC inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships in relation to corresponding protein structures. The main part of the paper is divided into six subsections each narrating how optimization of one of six structural features can influence inhibitor selectivity. It starts with the impact of the zinc binding group on selectivity, continues with the optimization of the linker placed in the substrate binding tunnel as well as the adjustment of the cap group interacting with the surface of the protein, and ends with the addition of groups targeting class-specific sub-pockets: the side-pocket-, lower-pocket- and foot-pocket-targeting groups. The review is rounded off with a conclusion and an outlook on the future of HDAC inhibitor design.     

妈祖文化视域下的表情符号设计研究

目的 基于妈祖文化的视角,探究妈祖文化与表情符号设计融合的可能性,打造表情文化产业链,为表情符号的设计开发提供更多的机遇,推动了妈祖文化的对外传播.方法 以妈祖文化为切入点,分析表情符号设计与妈祖文化跨界融合发展的优势.同时,借助具体的案例来阐述两者结合所产生的积极意义,表明巧妙应用妈祖文化的可行性.结论 妈祖文化的融入为表情符号的发展增添了浓墨重彩的一笔,对于增强文化气息及开拓设计思路都发挥着重要作用,易于激发受众的情绪、记忆,引起受众情感和心理的共鸣,从而创造符合受众审美情趣和思维方式的设计作品.由此可见,深入把握两者的关联性,有助于催生新的文化产业形态、传承妈祖文化、开辟表情符号设计新路径.     

食品包装高精度计量控制方法

目的 为提高食品包装过程计量组件的称量精度和效率,采用智能控制算法设计一种高精度计量控制系统.方法 在分析动态称量系统工作原理的基础上,建立称量过程数学模型,将控制对象由放料阀门开度转换为电机轴位置.考虑到传统PID控制的缺陷,结合PI Ziegler-Nichols和预测控制设计一种高精度计量控制系统.该控制系统可实现比例和积分系数的在线调整,能够抑制参数变化、负载扰动;预测控制可提高系统收敛速度和跟踪能力.最后进行仿真和实验研究.结果 仿真结果表明,智能控制算法具有比较强的自适应、自整定能力,计量精度可以达到静态称量水平,均高于99.5％.结论 食品包装高精度计量控制系统具有精度高、稳定性好、称量效率高等特点,在实际应用中对称量过程的控制效果相对较好.     

给水管道腐蚀原因及防护措施探讨

给水管道在使用过程中很容易受到人为外力、管道材质、地下水、周围空气、土壤等因素的影响而腐蚀,影响了管道的使用质量和寿命,也带来较大的安全隐患。本文主要是从给水管道腐蚀原因出发,并探讨防护措施。     

Notwendigkeit und Vermarktung von Flexibilitätsoptionen im Energiesystem der Zukunft

Demands on production, distribution and consumption of electrical energy change fundamentally with the energy revolution. Energy purchasing costs for inflexible consumers are rising and proceeds of inflexible producers are sinking. Companies are able to reduce costs by marketing operational flexibility options. This article sets out the need of flexibility in the energy system and the new marketing options. Flexibility potentials within infrastructure plants of a chemical park are analyzed, evaluated regarding marketing and activated in the presented research project FlexChemistry.     

涪陵地区茅三段热液白云岩展布影响因素分析

针对热液白云岩展布非均质性强的问题,开展基底断裂与茅三段沉积演化关系研究,分析断裂样式与白云岩分布关系,建立沉积演化模式,预测白云岩的分布。研究结果表明:茅三段可划分为5个小层,1~3小层为白云岩发育主要时期,4~5小层为台地均一化时期,不发育白云岩;15-1、15-2和16号基底断裂控制了早期“台-洼”相间的沉积地貌,断裂附近的地貌高部位为生屑滩发育有利部位,为白云岩的发育提供物质基础;15-1、15-2号基底断裂样式为花状,周边生屑滩白云石化程度高,为白云岩发育最有利区;16号基底断裂为直立状,附近白云石化发育程度较低,为白云岩发育较有利区。研究成果可为热液白云岩领域的进一步勘探提供指导依据。     

基于K-means和SOM的水下传感器数据采集方法

随着海洋资源勘探和海洋污染物监控工作的开展，水文数据的监测和采集等已经成为重要的研究方向。其中，水下无线传感器网络在水文数据采集过程中起着举足轻重的作用。本文研究的是水下无线传感器二维监测网络模型中，传感器节点数据采集的问题，其设计方法是通过自组织映射（Self-organizing mapping，SOM）对传感器节点进行路径最优化处理，结合优化的路径图形和K-means算法找到路径内部聚合点，利用聚合点和传感器的节点得到传感器通信半径内的数据采集点，最后通过SOM得到水下机器人（Autonomous underwater vehicle，AUV）到各个数据采集点采集数据的最优路径。经过实验验证，在水下1 200 m×1 750 m范围内布置52个传感器节点的情景下，数据采集点相比于传感器节点路径规划采用相同的采集顺序得到的路径优化了6.7%；对数据采集点重新进行自组织路径规划得到的路径比传感器结点路径的最优解提高了12.2%。增加传感器节点的数量，其结果也大致相同，因此采用该方法可以提高水下机器人采集数据的效率。